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Citation style

Chicago Style, 18th edition

Offers two systems: footnotes with a bibliography, common in history, and an author–date system used more in the sciences.

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Defined by
The Chicago Manual of Style
Commonly used in
History and other humanities, and widely in book publishing.

Guides and generators for both Chicago systems

Chicago has two separate systems, and a piece of writing uses one of them. Author-date cites sources in the text, as in (Yu 2020, 45), with a reference list at the end. Notes and bibliography cites them in footnotes or endnotes, with a bibliography at the end. Each has its own guide and generator.

Useful now

  • Chicago Author-Date Citation Generator

    Formats reference list entries and author–date text citations in Chicago style, 18th edition.

  • Chicago Author-Date Citations

    Learn Chicago's author-date system: how text citations such as (Yu 2020, 45) point to a reference list, how to cite books, journal articles and web pages, and how it differs from notes and bibliography.

  • Chicago Notes and Bibliography Citation Generator

    Formats full notes, shortened notes and bibliography entries in Chicago style, 18th edition.

  • Chicago Notes and Bibliography

    Learn Chicago's notes-and-bibliography system: full notes, shortened notes and bibliography entries for books, journal articles and web pages, and how it differs from author-date.

  • Reference Checker

    Checks reference lists and citations in APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago, IEEE and Harvard for structure, missing details, duplicates, order and mismatched citations.

All citation styles